わが国の本源を学ぶ ~「日本創世叙事詩」を読んで~
(Learning the Origins of Our Nation — Reading The Epic of Japan’s Creation)
平成21年8月号掲載(Published in August 2009)
過日、山川京子というご婦人から、そのご主人山川弘至氏著の「日本創世叙事詩 新訳古事記」という書籍の寄贈を受けました。山川弘至という方は、若くして国学、神学の学徒としてさらに詩人、歌人としても卓抜な人でしたが、終戦直前の昭和20年8月11日、台湾で戦死されました。享年28の若さでした。この書の原稿は軍務厳しい中で夫人に届けられていたもので、未完ながら終戦直後の昭和27年に上梓(じょうし)され、この度ご夫人の努力で復刻されたのでした。
Recently, I received a gift from Mrs. Yamakawa Kyōko: a book authored by her late husband, Mr. Yamakawa Hiroshi, titled The Epic of Japan’s Creation: A New Translation of the Kojiki.
Mr. Yamakawa Hiroshi was an outstanding scholar of Japanese studies and theology, and also a gifted poet and composer of traditional verse. Tragically, he was killed in Taiwan on August 11, 1945, just before the end of the war, at the young age of 28.
The manuscript of this book had been sent to his wife during his harsh military service. Though unfinished, it was first published in 1952, shortly after the war, and has now been republished thanks to her devoted efforts.
本書は、日本民族の聖典「古事記」を、氏の秀れた感性とわが国柄を想(おも)う熱い心とがひとつになっての、美しくも荘重な詩文でもって綴(つづ)られています。
まず心うたれましたのは、昭和20年1月11日付の序文です。
This book presents Japan’s sacred text, the Kojiki, in a style where Yamakawa Hiroshi’s refined sensibility and his passionate heart for our national character are united, woven into beautiful and solemn poetic prose.
What first moved me deeply was the preface dated January 11, 1945.
「かの(注)大國隆正翁(Rev. Ōkuni Takamasa)の言のごとく、一人たりとも生きてあらむかぎり、神州不滅の確証に献身し奉(たてまつ)るべく、この書をその祈りに代へたいとおもふ」と記し、「日の本のみちの正(まさ)みち明(あか)らめて永久(とは)にしづめむ大和心を」の歌をもって書き終えられています。序文の主なところは次の通りです。
In the preface, Yamakawa Hiroshi wrote:
“As Rev. Ōkuni Takamasa once said, so long as even one person lives, we must dedicate ourselves to proving the indestructibility of the divine land. I wish to offer this book in place of such a prayer.”
He concluded with the poem:
“Clarify the true path of Japan,
and forever settle the Yamato spirit.”
The main points of the preface are as follows:
「……我らは天つ神の御(み)子に仕へまつる、み民われ以外の何ものでもない。……この著を草するに至ったのも、只(ただ)この“みたみわれ”の悲願に発する以外のなにものでもなかったのである。……我が民族のもっとも神聖なる生命の本源たる古事記の精神。……我々の信仰の一切が、その根元をここに発し、我々の世界観の一切が、ここに発してゐることを、この著述によって自然に世に示すことは、我が第一の目的である。……我らは古事記を拝読して、そこに民族生命の本源を感じ、遠つみ祖(おや)の生命のふるさとを感じなければならない。……私は、神国日本の“み民われ”たるの信仰の根源に参入し、はげしい遠つ大御神への信仰に浄化され、強い民族の血の底に流れる詩的感動をもって、この書を記したことを誇りとする。けだし私は、つねに天照大御神に祈りつつこの書を草し、遠つみ祖の神々らは来ってこのつたないわが業を扶(たす)け給はったことを感じたのである。神意が我に降下し給うて、我をして之(これ)を語らしめられたのである。之はまことにありがたいことであった。……かの黒住宗忠翁のごとく、かしこくも“皇祖天照大御神のご開運を祈り奉った”に他ならないのである。……」(原文のまま)
“We are nothing other than the people who serve as children of the heavenly gods. The reason I came to write this book was solely born from the fervent wish of this ‘we, the people.’
The spirit of Kojiki is the most sacred source of life for our nation. All of our faith originates here, and all of our worldview springs from it. To show this naturally to the world through this writing is my foremost purpose.
By reading Kojiki, we must feel the source of our national life and the homeland of our distant ancestors’ lives.
I entered into the faith that we, the people of the divine land of Japan, hold, purified by fervent devotion to the distant great gods, and with the poetic emotion flowing in the depths of our strong national blood, I wrote this book with pride.
Always praying to Amaterasu Ōmikami, I felt that the distant ancestral gods came to aid my humble work. The divine will descended upon me, allowing me to speak these words. This was truly a blessing.
Like Revered Kurozumi Munetada, I too prayed earnestly for the prosperity of our imperial ancestor, Amaterasu Ōmikami.”
私は、ここまで読んできて教祖神のご尊名があることに驚くとともに、昭和55年の教祖神ご降誕二百年大祝祭に、当時の伊勢神宮の二條弼基(たねもと)大宮司ご夫妻のお供をして参られた幡掛正浩(はたかけせいこう)先生(神宮少宮司引退後、自ら申し出られて本教学事顧問に就任)の感動を思い出しました。当日、大教殿を埋め尽くしたお道づれが、
謹(つつし)みて天照大御神の御開運を祈り奉る
と、御開運の祈りを大唱和したときの先生の感動です。
As I read further, I was astonished to find the revered name of the Divine Founder mentioned. It reminded me of the moving experience of Rev. Hatakake Seikō, who accompanied Rev. Nijō Tanemoto, then High Priest of Ise Jingu, and his wife to the Grand Festival commemorating the 200th anniversary of the Divine Founder’s birth in 1980. At that time, Daikyōden (the Main Shrine) was filled with followers who together intoned the prayer:
Tsutsushimite Amaterasu Ōmikami no gokaiun o inori tatematsuru.
謹みて天照大御神の御開運を祈り奉る
(With reverence, we pray for the prosperity of Amaterasu Ōmikami.)
Rev. Hatakake was deeply moved by this great chorus of prayer. Later he recalled:
幡掛先生は後に次のように語られています。
「かねて教祖様の“御開運の祈り”のいわれも尊きことも存じておりましたが、大教殿で皆様が心ひとつにこの祈りを祈られたとき、これぞ神道の祈りと、心底感銘いたしました」。
“I had long known of the precious meaning of the Founder’s ‘Prayer for Prosperity (Gokaiun no Inori 御開運の祈り).’ Yet when everyone in Daikyōden 大教殿 (the Main Shrine) prayed with one heart, I was profoundly impressed, feeling that this was truly the essence of Shintō prayer.”
幡掛先生は、この書物の序文を記しているもうひと方、保田與重郎氏らと日本浪曼(ろうまん)派と称した仲間の一人で、またかつてこの山川京子女史を私にご紹介下さってもいました。
Rev. Hatakake was also one of the companions of Mr. Yasuda Yojūrō, who wrote another preface to this book, and together they were part of the group known as the Japanese Romantic School. It was Hatakake-sensei who once introduced Mrs. Yamakawa Kyōko to me.
人間の、そして日本人の血ともいうべき奥深くに流れ伝えられてきた精神を顕彰し、詩歌を中心とした情感豊かな表現でもって世に伝えようとつとめたのが日本浪曼派の人たちでした。伊勢神宮に奉職する方として、教祖神の御開運の祈りをご存じのことは承知をしてはいましたが、この時の先生のご感動が尋常でなかったことも改めてそのわけが分かるとともに、日本浪曼派の中核的な存在として、教祖神のお祈りがあったことをこの著書で知り、改めて胸熱くなったことでした。
The members of the Japanese Romantic School sought to honor the spirit that flows deep within humanity—and within the Japanese people like blood itself—by conveying it to the world through richly emotional expression centered on poetry. As one who served at Ise Jingu 伊勢神宮, Rev. Hatakake was already aware of the Divine Founder’s “Prayer for Prosperity.” Yet his extraordinary emotion on that day now becomes clearer: in this book, I discovered that at the very heart of the Japanese Romantic School was the prayer of the Divine Founder. Realizing this anew, my heart was deeply moved.
この書の一部を次に紹介させていただきます。
Let me introduce a few parts of this book to you:
天(あめ)なるや日の若宮(わかみや)に
とこしへに鎮(しづま)りゐまし
天地(あめつち)ののこるくまなく
天照(あまて)らし照らします神
O heaven above, in the young shrine of the sun,
forever may you dwell in peace.
Throughout all corners of heaven and earth,
you shine forth as the radiant Goddess, Amaterasu.
その光四方(よも)に輝き
国々も又山川も
木も草もよろづのものも
あたたかき光を浴びぬ
Its light shines to the four directions,
upon all the lands, the mountains and rivers,
upon trees, grasses, and every living thing,
all bathed in the warmth of its radiance.
あたたかき光ながるる
かぎりなき光ながるる
天地はもろごゑをあげ
日の神をむかへまつりぬ
The warm light flows forth,
an endless light flows forth.
Heaven and earth raise their voices together,
to welcome the Goddess of the Sun.
