昇る朝日に手をあわせる（上）
日本のお天とうさま信仰を昇華させた黒住教。立教２００年。
(Joining Hands in Prayer to the Rising Sun (Part I of II)
Kurozumikyō, which sublimated Japan’s ancient faith in the Sun, marks its Bicentennial.)

平成26年6月号掲載(Published June 2014)

　本誌３月号で既報の通り、去る１月２２日、都山(とざん)流尺八「清芫社」（京都市）社主の三好(みよし)芫山(げんざん)師が霊地神道山に参拝、大教殿において尺八の献奏をつとめた後、教主公邸において教主様と対談されました。先頃発刊なった、三好師の後援会「芫志会」の会報「Genzan News」第１００号に、１００号の記念としてこの対談の模様が掲載されましたので、同会のご好意により、今号と次号の「道ごころ」に転載させていただきます。

As reported in the March issue of this journal, on January 22, Master Miyoshi Genzan, head of the Seigen Society of the Tozan school of shakuhachi (Kyoto), visited the sacred site of Shintōzan. After offering a shakuhachi performance in dedication at Daikyōden 大教殿 (the Main Shrine), he held a dialogue with the Chief Patriarch at his official residence.
Recently, the 100th issue of Genzan News, the bulletin of Genshi-Kai, Master Miyoshi’s supporters’ association, was published. In commemoration of this milestone, the record of that dialogue was included. Through the courtesy of the association, it is reprinted here in this and the following issue of Michigokoro.

　なお、芫志会は、臨済宗相国寺派管長有馬頼底師や茶道裏千家前家元千玄室師、サントリーホールディングス株式会社副社長鳥井信吾氏、画家の千住博氏等が役員に名を連ねる全国的な組織です。（編集部）

The Genshi-kai is a nationwide organization whose officers include distinguished figures such as Ven. Arima Raitei, Chief Abbot of the Shōkoku-ji branch of Rinzai Zen; Master Sen Genshitsu, former Grand Master of the Urasenke school of tea; Mr. Torii Shingo, Vice President of Suntory Holdings Ltd.; and the painter Mr. Senju Hiroshi, among others. (Editorial note)

教主黒住宗晴(Chief Patriarch Kurozumi Muneharu)：

日の出に手を合わせる日拝　日本人は昔からお日拝大好き人間なんです

(Nippai (the sunrise worship), joining hands in prayer to the rising sun—Japanese people have always been great lovers of this practice.)

　芫山：今年、黒住教は立教２００年という素晴らしい年。実は、私の後援会の会報「芫志会報」（本紙）も今回で１００号となるんです。２００と１００、もちろん対比できるものではないんですが、今回、黒住教主様に登場していただけてありがたく思っております。よろしくお願いします。

Miyoshi Genzan: This year marks the Bicentennial of Kurozumikyō, a truly remarkable occasion. At the same time, my supporters’ bulletin, Genzan News, has reached its 100th issue. Two hundred and one hundred—of course they cannot be compared, yet I am deeply grateful that you, the Chief Patriarch of Kurozumikyō, appear in this commemorative issue. Thank you very much.

　黒住：いえいえ。先生には、京都の宗忠神社の１５０年の記念祝祭の時に御献奏いただき、そして今日、２００年のこの年においでいただき、こちらこそ本当にありがとうございます。

Kurozumi: Not at all. You honored us with your dedication at the 150th anniversary festival of Munetada Shrine 宗忠神社 in Kyoto, and now again in this bicentennial year. I am truly grateful.

　芫山：以前、こちらに寄せていただいた時に「日拝壇」から朝日が昇るのを拝ませていただいた時の感動が今も印象に残っています。私の家は上賀茂神社の近所で、いつもあの辺りが散歩のコースです。朝早く散歩すると、加茂川にかかる御薗橋からお日さんが上がるのがよく見えます。その時「教主は毎朝これを拝んではるんやなぁ…寒い日はほんまにご苦労さんやなぁ」て（笑）。朝日を見るたびにこちらを思い出してるんですよ。この日拝（にっぱい）というのは立教当初からなんですか？

Genzan: I still vividly remember the impression I had when I visited here before and was able to worship the rising sun from the Nippai-dan (the sunrise worship platform). My home is near Kamigamo Shrine in Kyoto, and that area is always my walking course. In the early mornings, from the Misono Bridge over the Kamo River, the sun rises beautifully. At such times I thought, “The Chief Patriarch worships this sunrise every morning… it must be a real effort on cold days!” (laughs). Each time I see the morning sun, I recall this place. Was this practice of Nippai part of the Faith from its very founding?”

　黒住：立教の時というのが、教祖の日の出を拝む「日拝」なんですね。
　遡(さかのぼ)ると、教祖は幼少の頃から両親と毎朝、お日様に向かって手を合わせてきました。それは何も黒住家だけでなく、お天とうさま信仰という日本人の伝統ですね。
　その両親が当時の疫病でバタバタと亡くなったのが、教祖の心の病となり、ついに明日をも知れぬ病、労咳・肺結核になりまして死を覚悟。せめて最後に両親と共に拝んできたお日様に、最後のお別れをしようということで、日の出を拝むわけです。
　その時、お日様そのものが親の心で、親孝行を唱えながら、この今の自分がどんなに心配をかけているのかと　〝今、死んでるヒマはない〟（笑）ということでしょうか。

Kurozumi: At the time of the founding, it was the Nippai—the Founder’s worship of the rising sun.
Tracing back, from childhood the Founder joined his parents every morning in placing hands together toward the sun. This was not unique to the Kurozumi family, but part of the Japanese tradition of faith in the Sun.
When his parents suddenly died in an epidemic, it became a deep wound in his heart. He himself fell ill with consumption, tuberculosis, and prepared for death. At least, he thought, he would bid farewell to the sun he had worshipped together with his parents, and so he prayed at sunrise.
At that moment, the sun itself was the heart of his parents. Chanting filial devotion, he realized how much worry he was causing them, and thought, “Now is no time to die” (laughs).

　芫山：（笑）何かものすごく失礼かもしれませんけど、わかりやすいですよね。そこが、教祖が日本人、という黒住教ならではのものなんでしょうね。記章も日の丸に似てますし。

Genzan: (laughs) It may sound terribly irreverent, but it is easy to understand, isn’t it? That is precisely what makes the Founder so deeply Japanese, and what is unique to Kurozumikyō. Even the emblem resembles Hinomaru (Japan’s national flag of the circle of the sun).

　黒住：ええ、もともとは日の丸だったんです。日の出を拝んで誕生しましたから、黒住教の旗は日の丸だったんですが、明治3年でしたか、日の丸が国旗として規定されたため、国旗と一緒ではもったいないということで、日の教えの「教」の字を白抜きにしまして、マル教に。

Kurozumi: Yes, originally it was the Hinomaru. Since the faith was born from worshipping the rising sun, the flag of Kurozumikyō was the Hinomaru. But in Meiji 3 (1870), when the Hinomaru was officially designated as the national flag, it was thought inappropriate to use the same. Thus, the character 教 (kyō, “Teaching”) from “Teaching of the Sun” was rendered in white within the circle, and so it became the Maru-kyō.

　芫山：日の丸はこちらが先だったのですね（笑）

Genzan: So the Hinomaru came first here, then? (laughs)

　黒住：まあ、もともと日の丸は、遥か昔から日本の船などに掲げられていましたから。日本人はともかくお日様大好き人間なんです（笑）
同じ日の出はない。毎日が日(ひ)に新(あらた)です

Kurozumi: Well, the Hinomaru had already been flown on Japanese ships since ancient times. In any case, Japanese people are great lovers of the sun (laughs). No sunrise is ever the same. Each day is renewed in the sun.

　芫山：教団本部をこちら神道山(しんとうさん)に移されたのは？

Genzan: When was the headquarters of the organization moved here to Shintōzan?

　黒住：立教以来１６０年間、教祖の生誕地である大元(おおもと)に本部があり、昔は田んぼの中でした。日の出も素晴らしかったらしいです。それが、新幹線が通るわ、瀬戸内海に橋はかかるわで都市化が進みましたから、これでは日の出がありがたく迎えられない。日の出を拝む、その場所が一番大切な所とする私たちにとって、ビルの角から昇るお日様では…ね。日拝が命、ですから。
それで、壮大な日の出を求めて昭和48年にここ神道山に移ったわけです。

Kurozumi: For 160 years since the founding, the headquarters was at Ōmoto 大元, the birthplace of the Founder. In those days it was surrounded by rice fields, and the sunrise was said to be magnificent. But then the Shinkansen came, bridges were built across the Seto Inland Sea, and urbanization advanced. In such circumstances, the sunrise could no longer be welcomed with true reverence.
For us, the place where we worship the rising sun must be the most sacred of all. To see the sun only rising from behind the corner of a building would not suffice. Nippai is our very life.
And so, in pursuit of a truly grand sunrise, the headquarters was moved here to Shintōzan in Shōwa 48 (1973).

　　芫山：なるほど。今回の景勝は今後も変わらないと　また周囲に高いものが建ったら困るけど（笑）

Genzan: I see. So the scenery here will remain unchanged in the future—though if something tall were built around it, that would be a problem (laughs).

　黒住：そうですね（笑）ここは標高１２０メートルですから、まず大丈夫だろうということで、ここに落ち着きましたけど。

Kurozumi: Yes, indeed (laughs). Since this place is at an elevation of 120 meters, we felt it would be secure, and so we settled here.

　芫山：しかし毎日となると、暑い時、寒い時とか、気象の影響も大きいんでしょうね。

Genzan: But when it is every day, the weather must have a great effect—whether in the heat or in the cold.

　黒住：そうです。同じお日の出はありませんよね。昇る場所も時間も違いますし。だからまさに毎日が〝日(ひ)に新(あらた)〟です。

Kurozumi: That is true. No sunrise is ever the same. The place where it rises and the time are always different. So truly, each day is “renewed by the sun.”

　芫山：僕たちも、同じ曲をいろいろな場所で吹きますが、それは、その時々で初めての演奏だと思うのと、通ずるところがありますね。

Genzan: For us too, when we play the same piece in different places, each performance feels like the first. There is a connection there.

田舎の新興宗教が天皇の勅願所(ちょくがんしょ)に

(A Rural New Religion Designated as the Imperial Site of Prayer)

　芫山：京都の宗忠神社の１５０年の時には私も献奏させていただきましたが、あの場所というのは吉田神社の東南で、非常にいい場所ですよね。何かいきさつがあるんですか？

Genzan: At the 150th anniversary of Munetada Shrine in Kyoto, I too offered a dedication. That site, southeast of Yoshida Shrine 吉田神社, is a very fine location. Was there some particular story behind it?

　黒住：吉田神社が土地を提供してくださったんです。本殿の東南の高台を。何でそんないい場所を、当時はまだ田舎の新興宗教の一つにしか過ぎない私たちにくれたのか？（笑）それは、孝明(こうめい)天皇の勅命ではないかと思っています。証拠はありませんが、そう信じております。

Kurozumi: Yoshida Shrine granted us the land—an elevated site southeast of their main sanctuary. Why would they give such a splendid place to us, who at that time were still regarded as merely a rural new religion? (laughs) I believe it was by the imperial command of Emperor Kōmei. There is no documentary proof, but that is my conviction.

　教祖が亡くなった後、弟子が各地に布教に出たのですが、京都を担当した弟子は非常に熱のある人で、その布教活動が繋(つな)がっていって九條家のお姫さまが信仰されるまでになったんですね。そのお姫さまは孝明天皇のお妃(きさき)であったことから天皇様の知るところとなり、また江戸時代の最末期という時代でもありましたから、黒住教の教えとはどういうものかと非常に興味を持たれ、ついには「宗忠大明神」の神号を賜って宗忠神社は建立され、孝明天皇の「勅願所」ともなった神社です。だからこそ、吉田神社もあの場所を提供してくれたんでしょうね。（つづく）

After the Founder passed away, his disciples went forth to spread the faith. The disciple assigned to Kyoto was especially fervent, and his missionary work eventually reached the House of Kujō Regents, where a princess came to believe. That princess became consort to Emperor Kōmei, and thus the Emperor himself came to know of the faith. In the final years of the Edo period, he took great interest in what Kurozumikyō taught. In time, the divine title “Munetada Daimyōjin” was bestowed, Munetada Shrine was established, and it became an imperial prayer site (chokugansho 勅願所). I guess that is why Yoshida Shrine granted us that site.
(To be continued)